Dart 介绍

Dart是由谷歌开发的计算机编程语言，它可以被用于 web、服务器、移动应用和物联网等 领域的开发
Dart诞生于2011年，号称要取代 JavaScript。但是过去的几年中一直不温不火。知道flutter的出现现在被人们重新重视
要学flutter的话我们首先得会Dart
官网：https://dart.dev/

Dart环境搭建

要在我们本地开发 Dart 程序的话首先需要安装 Dart SDK
官方文档：https://dart.dev/get-dart
Mac 安装：如果Mac电脑没有安装brew这个工具首先第一步需要安装它：https://brew.sh/

$ brew tap dart-lang/dart
$ brew install dart    

如果你安装了可以跳过此步骤

mac@bogon Blog % dart --version
Dart SDK version: 2.19.2 (stable) (Tue Feb 7 18:37:17 2023 +0000) on "macos_x64"

Dart 开发工具

Dart的开发工具有很多：Intellij IDEA、WebStream、Atom、Vscode等
这里我们主要给大家讲解的是如何在Vscode中配置Dart
- 找到 Vscode 插件安装 dart
- 找到 Vscode 插件安装 code runner，Code Runner 可以运行我们的文件

下载Flutter

方式一：

下载 flutter SDK：https://flutter.io/sdk-archive/#macos
将文件解压到目标路径

mac@192 ~ % cd 目标文件路径
mac@192 ~ % unzip ~/Downloads/flutter_macos_3.3.10-stable.zip

配置 flutter 的 PATH 环境变量

mac@192 ~ % export PATH="$PATH:`pwd`/flutter/bin"

pwd：是 flutter 下 bin 的文件路径

方式二：

直接从 Github 上下载：

mac@192 ~ % git clone https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git -b stable

环境变量设置

mac@192 ~ % cd ~

创建 .bash_profile

mac@192 ~ % touch .bash_profile

编辑 .bash_profile

mac@192 ~ % open -e .bash_profile

设置环境变量

# Flutter
export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn # 国内镜像
export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn # 国内镜像
export PATH="$PATH:/Users/mac/Desktop/Flutter/flutter/bin"

注：export PATH="$PATH:【flutter的bin目录】

保存 .bash_profile

mac@192 ~ % command+s

更新

mac@192 ~ % source .bash_profile

验证是否成功

mac@192 ~ % flutter doctor

如果终端显示如下，证明成功了，如：

Downloading Darwin x64 Dart SDK from Flutter engine 3316dd8728419ad3534e3f6112aa6291f587078a...
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  202M  100  202M    0     0  5622k      0  0:00:36  0:00:36 --:--:-- 6859k
Building flutter tool...
Flutter assets will be downloaded from https://storage.flutter-io.cn. Make sure
you trust this source!
Downloading Material fonts...                                    1,526ms
Downloading Gradle Wrapper...                                      262ms
Downloading package sky_engine...                                  473ms
Downloading flutter_patched_sdk tools...                         1,162ms
Downloading flutter_patched_sdk_product tools...                   638ms
Downloading darwin-x64 tools...                                     5.5s
Downloading libimobiledevice...                                     78ms
Downloading usbmuxd...                                              75ms
Downloading libplist...                                             75ms
Downloading openssl...                                             249ms
Downloading ios-deploy...                                           88ms
Downloading darwin-x64/font-subset tools...                        255ms
Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.3.10, on macOS 12.6.1 21G217 darwin-x64, locale
    zh-Hans-CN)
[!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 30.0.0)
    ✗ cmdline-tools component is missing
      Run `path/to/sdkmanager --install "cmdline-tools;latest"`
      See https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line for more details.
    ✗ Android license status unknown.
      Run `flutter doctor --android-licenses` to accept the SDK licenses.
      See https://flutter.dev/docs/get-started/install/macos#android-setup for
      more details.
[!] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 14.1)
    ! CocoaPods 1.10.1 out of date (1.11.0 is recommended).
        CocoaPods is used to retrieve the iOS and macOS platform side's plugin
        code that responds to your plugin usage on the Dart side.
        Without CocoaPods, plugins will not work on iOS or macOS.
        For more info, see https://flutter.dev/platform-plugins
      To upgrade see
      https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/getting-started.html#installation for
      instructions.
[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
[!] Android Studio (not installed)
[✓] VS Code (version 1.73.1)
[✓] Connected device (3 available)
[✓] HTTP Host Availability

针对 CocoaPods 1.10.1 out of date (1.11.0 is recommended) 我们只需要下载安装就可以了：

mac@192 ~ % sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods

通过 pod --version 查看最新版本

针对 cmdline-tools component is missing 错误

打开 Android studio 下 tools-->SDK manager 中进入 SDK tools 中：

找到 Android SDK 点击 Apply 进行下载

再次 flutter doctor 运行，出现如下，则代表成功

Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.3.10, on macOS 12.6.1 21G217 darwin-x64, locale
    zh-Hans-CN)
[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 30.0.0)
[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 14.1)
[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
[✓] Android Studio (version 2021.1)
[✓] VS Code (version 1.73.1)
[✓] Connected device (3 available)
[✓] HTTP Host Availability

• No issues found!

打开 Android studio 程序，安装 flutter：

安装 dart

安装完成，重新启动 Android studio，就可以开发 flutter 了

升级 flutter

flutter SDK 所有分支

beat/dev/master/stable，其中stable为稳定分支，dev和master为开发分支，运行 flutter channel 查看所有分支

mac@bogon ~ % flutter channel
Flutter channels:
  master
  beta
* stable

“*” 号本地的 flutter SDK 跟踪分支，切换分支 flutter channel beta 和 flutter channel master

升级 flutter sdk 和 依赖包

flutter upgrade

该命令会同时更新 Flutter SDK 和 flutter依赖包，如果只想更新依赖包：

flutter packages get 获取项目所有的依赖包
flutter packages upgrade 获取项目所有依赖包的最新版本

IDE配置和使用

Flutter 建议使用 Android Studio 和 VS Code 之一开发体验，通过 IDE和插件 可获得代码补全、语法高亮、widget编辑辅助、运行和调试等功能，帮助我们极大的提高开发效率

Android Studio
VS Code

Flutter官网

连接到 ios 真机设备

Flutter官网

如果出现如下：

flutter真机运行无法打开“iproxy”,因为无法验证开发者

执行以下命令：

sudo xattr -d com.apple.quarantine 
sudo xattr -d com.apple.quarantine 
sudo xattr -d com.apple.quarantine
sudo xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /Users/mac/Desktop/Flutter/flutter/bin/cache/artifacts/usbmuxd/iproxy

其中 /Users/mac/Desktop/Flutter/flutter 是你桌面flutter的路径

Flutter学习01:Mac环境搭建